編者按：
本期推薦文章來自心理學系王儉勤青年副研究員、周楚教授等人。
Wang, J., Otgaar, H., Howe, M.L., Dong, Q., & Zhou, C. (2022). Self-enhanced false memory across the life span. Journal of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 77, 1654-1653.
期刊簡介
Journal of Gerontology: Series B 是老年學領域的權威期刊，主要發表心理學🤷🏼♀️、社會學、公共政策等社會科學領域關於人類畢生發展及年老化的理論與實證研究。該期刊為美國老年學會的旗艦期刊，屬於SSCI/Q1期刊。
研究成果簡介
對於個體尤其是老年人而言🌋，記憶功能的正常運行對其日常活動的順利開展具有重要意義。一旦記憶出錯，相應的判斷、決策也有可能出錯，帶來嚴重的後果⭐️。以往的研究發現了記憶的自我參照效應（self-reference effect），即人們對自我相關的事件記得更牢😡，這一經典效應亦被寫進了心理學的教科書中。然而，從未有研究從自我的角度探究自我對於錯誤記憶建構的影響。
王儉勤老師的研究團隊通過對兒童、青年人、老年人不同年齡群體進行實驗🐒，首次發現了自我對錯誤記憶的促進作用，即自我相關的事件記憶更容易受到“扭曲”。自我能夠促進人們對於信息的激活與“綁定”加工，使得記憶在這一過程中更加容易被重新建構，從而導致錯誤記憶。王儉勤老師研究團隊在這一研究主題下已獲得數項研究成果🤵♂️，該效應在兒童⬆️、青年人、老年人群體中均得到驗證🎬🤦🏿♂️，被命名為自我促進的錯誤記憶效應（Self-enhanced False Memory Effect）🧍♂️😫。該研究成果是對經典自我參照效應的重要補充😾，且揭示了自我對錯誤記憶影響的年老化機製6️⃣。
Abstract
Objectives: The role of self in veridical memory has been extensively studied, but what is the role of self in false memory development across the life span? The current study examined the impact of self-reference on associative false memory in children, younger adults, and older adults, and further investigated possible mechanisms concerning how self-reference might affect false memory in different age groups.
Methods: Combining a self-reference manipulation with the Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm, children, younger adults, and older adults encoded DRM word lists as paired with their own name, another person’s name, or a red square. Later their true and false recognition memory as well as recollection and familiarity were measured.
Results: A self-enhanced false memory effect was found in all age groups. That is, participants generated more false memories in the self-reference condition relative to the other-reference and neutral conditions. Furthermore, when examining its underlying memory mechanisms, we found that self-reference mainly increased false recollection in younger adults but facilitated familiarity of critical lures in older adults.
Discussion: Although self-reference increases false memory in both younger and older adults, the underlying mechanisms are different in that older adults have more self-relevant false familiarity while younger adults generate more self-relevant phantom recollection. The current study also has implications for eyewitness reports, suggesting that the self-relevance of memory may be one relevant factor to consider when evaluating potential risk factors of false memory.
作者簡介
王儉勤（WANG Jianqin）🎟💁，現任意昂3体育青年副研究員，上海市浦江人才。國際應用心理學會法律心理學分會理事會成員，歐洲心理學與法律學會會員，美國心理學會法律心理學分會會員。主要研究領域為認知心理學和法律心理學🪼，研究興趣包括記憶的可塑性及其對行為的影響、目擊證人記憶、決策偏好及其年老化神經機製等🙆🏿♀️🚴🏻。主要成果發表在Journal of Memory and Language⛹🏼♀️、Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition🧔🏻♂️、Journal of Experimental Psychology: General、Journal of Gerontology等期刊🎍，已累計發表SSCI期刊論文二十余篇🧑🏼🍼🧜🏼♀️。
周楚（ZHOU Chu）🏊🏿，現任意昂3副院長🏌🏻，心理學系教授，上海市心理學會常務理事👮🏽♂️，上海市浦江人才🏋🏻♀️、晨光學者，意昂3体育卓學學者。主要從事記憶領域研究，研究興趣涉及建構性記憶與記憶扭曲、情景記憶與想象未來🏯、記憶與決策🎊、記憶的年老化機製及其神經基礎等。主持國家自然科學基金、教育部人文社會科學研究規劃項目等多項。在國內外學術期刊及會議上發表論文50余篇，出版《錯誤記憶》學術專著1部，擔任衛健委“十三五“規劃教材副主編1部，曾獲省部級科研獎勵5項👱🏼🪓。